Teen Suicide Essay - 891 Words

Nobody ever thought that Tyler Clementi- an 18 year old freshman at Rutgers University- would jump off the George Washington Bridge on September 22, 2010. But after a video was streamed of Clementi having a sexual encounter with another man without Clementi’s knowledge, Clementi committed suicide. The actual definition of suicide is â€Å"the action of killing oneself intentionally†. The act of suicide is a serious matter, and is particularly prevalent among teens and young adults. The best way to prevent teen suicide is through informing people of its existence, and educating them on the warning signs and prevention methods. In this essay I will explain why suicide is a major public health problem through statistics, show the warning signs,†¦show more content†¦Studies show that girls are more likely to attempt suicide, but males are four times more likely than females to complete the act. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention, estimates that 81 percen t of suicide victims are males. While the reasons of suicide are mostly unknown, there are many causes that have been proven to lead to suicide. One of the biggest known factors are drugs and alcohol. â€Å" Studies have shown that suicide rates are five to 20 times higher among drug and alcohol usage† , thats because depression mixed with drugs or alcohol can make people feel even more depressed. Some of the other contributing factors for adolescent suicide are Post-Concussion Syndrome (PCS), Bullying- also known as â€Å"Bullycide†, and the â€Å"contagion effect†- where one suicide motivates the other, common with depressed teens with shared circumstances, or teens influenced by media or memorials (Mental illness, 2012). Even though many people dont know why a person killed themselves, there are warning signs that can tell if a person may be having suicidal thoughts or actions. Such warning signs include: Depression, drug abuse, change in eating, change in habits, signs that lead to depressi on, and withdrawal from friends. â€Å" Because the fact is that two-thirds of those who commit suicide give some warning first. That means it’s up to us- as friends, relatives, or parents- to recognize the signal and respond, person to person†(Teen Suicide, 2000). There areShow MoreRelatedAn Essay on Teen Suicide798 Words   |  4 PagesTeen suicide My essay is on teen suicide there are a lot of suicides that happen in the U.S they are caused from being bullied also it can caused by being depressed. There is also a high increase of suicides for people who take antidepressants. All this information is true based on the sites below. 1) http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/health/September-October-08/Teen-Suicide-Rate-Worries-Mental-Health-Experts.html 2) http://articles.latimes.com/2013/oct/20/nation/la-na-nn-funeral-illinois-teen-suicide-bullying-20131020Read MoreTeen Suicide Essay605 Words   |  3 PagesDaneshia Alberty Campbell EnglishIII-7 11 February, 2011 Teen Suicide Essay Teen suicide is one of the fastest killers for young teenagers. Every year thousands of teens die in the United States. There are many different reasons of why young teens commit suicide. Family issues, low self-esteem, and bullying are three of the many leading factors towards suicide for teens. Problems at home can cause a teenager to take their lives. Abuse in the home of the teenager can most often establish aRead MoreTeen Suicide Essay881 Words   |  4 PagesTeen Suicide Suicide is a growing problem in American culture. Sadly, teens are affected the most. Teen suicide is increasing rapidly. â€Å"About 5,000 teens in the United States kill themselves each year† (Peacock, 4). Suicide among teens is a serious and devastating crisis. More teens are taking their lives today than ever before. Teen suicide does not affect one specific type of teen; it affects any type of teen. There are a variety of reasons teens resort to committing suicide. Many people are workingRead MoreEssay On Teen Suicide1235 Words   |  5 Pages† offer little comfort, and even less hope to those considering suicide. Amongst U.S teens, suicide is the 2nd leading cause of death more so than cancer, AIDS, chronic drug use, and heart disease combined. Common risk factors are bullying in school, history of sexual abuse, alcohol, and drug addiction, along with a history of mental illness in the family. There is also a direct correlation between socioeconomic status and su icide in urban, and remote areas. Factors such as social deprivation,Read MoreEssay On Teen Suicide1332 Words   |  6 Pagesbut if that s true then why is there an increase in teenagers committing suicide. We all know that the rate of teenage suicide has been on the rise just as fast as the rise of social media use. Teenage suicide is never a good thing and is heartbreaking to those it affects. As social media becomes more intertwined in young people s lives there has been an increase in teen suicide from cyber bullying. Often times young teens don t know the dangers and consequences social media can cause and makesRead MoreTeen Suicide Essay1080 Words   |  5 PagesTeen Suicide â€Å"Suicide is the third leading cause of death for young people between eleven and eighteen years of age† (â€Å"Introduction to Teen Suicide†). According to Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary: suicide is the act or an instance of taking ones own life voluntarily and intentionally. Meaning that when someone takes their life they are fully aware of their decisions. These decisions are clouded by the rational part of the brain not maturing until the age of twenty five. Looking at thisRead MoreTeen Suicide Essay1224 Words   |  5 Pages The rates of suicides in teens have been rising more and more over the past few years; with an increase of over 300% in adolescents since the 1950s. (Miller 2009) Teens are basically crying out for our helps, but it seems that we are ignoring them. But why? Do we not care? Or do we even know what signs to be looking for? ANd average of 1,800 young people take their own lives and almost 85,000 are hospitalized for attempts (CDC, 2008). With the statistics being this high we need to take some actionRead MoreTeen Suicide Essay866 Words   |  4 PagesNydria Daniel Leslie Campos Enc1101 31 October 2017 Emotional Suicide amongst Teens Suicide has become an extremely important social issue in our society. Did you know that suicide rate is the 10th leading cause of death in the United States according to the A.F.S.P (American Foundation for Suicide Prevention)? Teen suicide rates continue to increase every year according to statistics. Today, teens are having mental struggles that can affect their everyday lifestyle and they can’t seem to find anyoneRead MoreTeen Suicide Essay1320 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish Language Arts 09 November 2017 Teen/Adult Suicides Suicides in the United States have increased in the last year has increased by 9%. The Problems With Suicide/ Percent of Deaths With Suicide In 1980 nearly 27,000 people took their own lives, making suicide the 10th most common cause of death. 57 percent of the cases of suicide in the United States involved firearms. In 2015 Suicide had been marked the second leading cause of death from ages 10-24. Suicide has been a major health problem in theRead MoreTeen Suicide Essay1679 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Suicide of any kind is an act in which a person takes his or her own life. FACT: Suicide is a prevalent cause of death among America’s youth today.Each and every day almost 1000 teenagers think about suicide and about 0.018% of them will be successful in committing it.† It is an ongoing problem that is often described as uncalled for immature and unnecessary. But having a deeper understanding and better knowledge are some key factors for preventing teenage suicide. This â€Å"problem† most likely start

Thinking Styles - Negotiation & Conflict Management

Question: Discuss about the Thinking Styles, Negotiation Conflict Management. Answer: Introduction This presentation is a negotiation process on behalf of a client-vendor against the purchaser. The commercial asset on sale is the real estate owned by my client. The presentation covers three main areas, namely: pre-negotiation, negotiation, and post-negotiation. Pre-negotiation Thinking style according to Lauren?iu and Ramona (2014, pg. 21) is a concept that determines the link between ones intellectual capabilities and his/her personality. My thinking style is Monarchic. With this thinking style, one prefers solving one problem after the other. My level of thinking style is internal. In this case, I prefer dealing with tasks that require some engagement with particular, solid chores that require substantial accuracy in execution. The Internal level of thinking style is particularly important in ensuring best results in a given task. The Monarch form of thinking style and the internal level of thinking are sufficient in for ensuring an optimal for administering this negotiation. A Monarchic form of thinking styles allows one to be focused and objective in solving a given problem. All the energy and concentration is put into a given engagement (Lauren?iu and Ramona, 2014). On the other hand, the internal level of thinking style in this negotiation will ensure the negotiator is specific to the issues of the subject, and that, clear and accurate decisions are made in the negotiation process. To ensure a more optimal thinking styles for this particular task, the specific adjustment that needs to be considered is borrowing some ideas from other forms and levels of thinking styles. To cite as an example, as a negotiator should adopt the idea of an anarchic form of thinking styles that allows executions of multiple tasks that allow some level of flexibility and have no formal structure (Lauren?iu and Ramona, 2014). By so doing, the negotiator will be able to engage in many tasks in the negotiation without many problems. Also, the negotiator can also borrow the ideas of solving problems that are more open and general and that expect one to think in a more abstract way. The reason for making such as an adjustment is to ensure that one is prepared in case the purchaser decides to employ an internal level of thinking style in this engagement. BATNA simply refers to a Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement. The client's BATNA for the real estate investment is $175 million, and the reservation value is $150 million. The $175 million is the amount the other purchaser had offered to give as payment for the investment, and $150 million is the predetermined minimum value of offer the client can accept for the investment. The BATNA of the purchaser is $135 million, and the reservation value is $163 million. The $135 million is the budgeted amount the other party had prepared to pay for the property and $163 is the highest they can stretch the budget for the commercial asset. This means that the purchaser can afford to any amount between $135 and $163 million for the asset. ZOPA is the Zone of Possible Agreement. In the sale of property, product or services, ZOPA is the intellectual region where two parties in the negotiation can agree. In this case, the ZOPA lies between $150 million and $163 million. This is the comfort area where the negotiation should be focused by both parties. However, this is not final as my client may opt out of the negotiation if a better offer is placed on the table by another vendor. The best strategy to obtaining a greater proportion of the ZOPA is by raising the reservation value. This will force the purchase to increase his/her BATNA. Negotiation Entering into negotiation requires that the seller makes an offer to the buyer, in this case, the selling of a real estate. The intention is to attract the potential offers for purchase from different vendors. This process involves the use of a contract that is prepared by the real estate local association with the support of their legal counsel. The sole purpose of preparing the contract is to allow vendors the opportunity to understand the property is of what nature and its market price (Bruce and Ray 2006). The contract document also provides room for specifying the clauses the parties wish to be factored in the agreement including the purchase terms, the closing of negotiations, the official handover, the amount required for deposits and any other conditions that will bind the contract. Once the buyers complete making their offers, they will be expected to make an official delivery to the seller. The most potential buyer is appraised, and the negotiation is moved to the next stage. The negotiator will expect that the potential buyer to give a detailed offer. The offer of a suitable buyer will be the basis for further negotiations. The negotiator is entitled with the right to accept, reject or even give a counter offer after a detailed review of its details. With a counter offer, the negotiation process is initiated (Bruce and Ray 2006). The Complete counter offer should entail the following information: the deadlines for giving feedback, dealing with various contingencies and other special conditions such as asset inspection and the financing arrangements. This will lead to several exchanges between the negotiator and the buying part until the agreement is reached or the negotiations fold, and the log below is documentation of all the communications between the two parties. Table 1: Communication Log Date Method Items Discussed Outcomes 01/05/2017 Video conferencing Purchase Price and Terms of Payment This was the first item that was discussed and agreed. The selling price that was agreed by both parties is $160 million. The two parties also agreed that the payment should be done by the specific land contract that will be attached to the contract as part of the reference. According to the agreement, the parties also committed that during the closing of the sale, a 40% down payment and the remaining balance of 60% be paid with at the interest rate of 12% per year. 08/06/207 Video conferencing Earnest money payment During the negotiation, the parties agreed that the deposit of 40% ($64 million) be made through the broker during the time of closing the sale. The parties also went further to clarify that in case the offer is not accepted, the money will be promptly deposited back to the brokers account. On the other hand, in a situation where the offer is accepted by the owner and the buyers fails to perform other obligations of the contract, the money deposited as earnest will be forfeited to pay for any damages afflicted to the seller (Lax and Sebenius,1986). 06/07/2017 Video conferencing Taxes and other adjustments The parties also concurred that any levies, taxes, and charges that will accrue against the property should be paid by the seller up to the date of closing the sale after accepting the purchase offer, and will be paid by the seller in a prorated manner (Lax and Sebenius, 2003). Further, all insurances attached to the property shall be canceled at a prorated rate and the responsibility transferred to the buyer during the closing time. 20/07/2017 Email exchange Title of the real estate In this discussion, the two parties also came to a conclusion that during the closing, shall promptly give an abstract of the property title to the buyer at the sellers expense. Further, the policy must show all the marketable title at the sellers reasonable time and must provide room to correct any defects (Lax and Sebenius, 1986). At the closing of the sale, the seller must give the title to the purchaser and must have a good and sufficient warranty, and that is free from all liens and obstructions saving as otherwise given in the offer. 01/08/2017 Email exchange Property Ownership/Possession Once the closing of the sale is done, the seller must transfer the possession of the asset to the purchaser, and in case he/she fails to do so, the seller will not be a tenant to the buyer, but the seller will be forced to pay 0.005% for damages every day. All other remedies will remain with the purchaser as provided for by the law. 16/08/2017 Telephone conversation Risk of Loss Any damage or loss done to asset preceding closing of the sale, the seller will take responsibility. 05/09/2017 Telephone conversation Developments and fixtures considered The offer and purchase price include all the properties and other assets therein. 20/08/2017 Email exchange General conditions The sale of the property expressly confirms agreement of all clauses of the contract by both the seller and the supplier. 10/10/2017 Roundtable meeting Time to accept and close the sale The parties agreed to close the sale in a period of six months. Post Negotiation (Report) The following are the issues that were covered in the negotiation, the outcome, and the possible next move: The negotiator did apply the monarchic form of thinking style and internal level of thinking style. Our BATNA to the negotiation is $175 million, and the reserved value is $150 million. On the other hand, the BATNA for the purchaser is $135 million, and their reserved value is $163 million. After extensive negotiations, the agreed price was $160 million. Further, the other important items that were covered in the report include the following: earnest money payment, taxes and other adjustments and title of the real estate. The others are property ownership/possession, the risk of losses, developments, and fixtures, general conditions and time to accept and close the sale. After extensive negotiations, the parties agreed that the process of closing the sale of the real estate would take approximately six months. The following are the outstanding issues of the negotiation process: the agreed price for the property is $160 million. According to the agreement, the parties also committed that during the closing of the sale, a 40% down payment and the remaining balance of 60% be paid at the interest rate of 12% per year. The title deed of the real estate transfer. At the closing of the sale, the seller must give the title to the purchaser, and it must have a good and sufficient warranty that is free from all liens and obstructions saving as otherwise given in the offer. Property Ownership/Possession- the seller must transfer the possession of the asset to the purchaser at the closing of the sale and failure to do so, a certain fee will accrue. In general, the negotiation should be implemented since the sale value of $160 million is above the reserved value of $150 million and there is no any other purchaser who is giving us a better offer. References Bruce, B, and Ray, F 2006, Bargainer Characteristics in Distributive and Integrative Negotiation, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol.74 (2), pp. 345-359 Lauren?iu, PM, and Ramona, P 2014, Adaptation of the Thinking Styles Inventory (TSI) within a Romanian student sample Romanian Journal of Applied Psychology 2014, Vol. 16, No. 1, 20-24 Lax, D. A., and Sebenius, JK (1986). The Manager as Negotiator: Bargaining for Cooperation and Competitive Gain. New York, The Free Press. Lax, DA and Sebenius JK 2003, "3-D Negotiation: Are You Playing the Whole Game?" Harvard Business Review 81(11): 64-74. Bibliography Gardner, H 2006, Multiple intelligences: New horizons. New York: Perseus. Golden, D 2006, The price of admission. New York: Crown. Hunt, E Carlson, J 2007, Considerations relating to the study of group differences in intelligence. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2, 194---213. Johnson, W Bouchard, TJ 2005, The structure of human intelligence: It is verbal, perceptual, and image rotation (VPR), not fluid and crystallized. Journal of Intelligence vol. 33 (14), p.393-416. McCrae, RR John, OP 1992). An introduction to the five-factor model and its applications. Journal of Personality, 60, 175-215. Michael, B 2014 The Role of Emotions in Effective Negotiations, Harvard Business School Working Knowledge, Baker Library, Bloomberg Center Pruitt, D. G., Carnevale, EJ 1993, Negotiation in social conflict. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole. Robert JS and Elena, LG 1997, Are Cognitive Styles Still in Style? Yale University. Robert, JS, 2015, Successful Intelligence: A model for testing intelligence beyond IQ tests: European Journal of Education and Psychology Vol. 8, pg. 76-84 Sedlacek, WE 2004, Beyond the big test: Non-cognitive assessment in higher education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Shell, GR 2006, Bargaining for AdvantageNegotiations Strategies for Reasonable People. New York: Penguin Books, 2006. Sternberg, R. J., Grigorenko, EL (Eds.). (2002). The general factor of intelligence: How general is it?. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Sternberg, RJ, Jarvin, L Grigorenko, EL 2011, Explorations of the nature of giftedness. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Essay example Example For Students

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Essay example Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born in Salzburg in Austria, the son of Leopold, Kapellmeister to the Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg. By the age of three he could play the piano, and he was composing by the time he was five; minuets from this period show remarkable understanding of form. Mozarts elder sister Maria Anna (best known as Nannerl) was also a gifted keyboard player, and in 1762 their father took the two prodigies on a short performing tour, of the courts at Vienna and Munich. Encouraged by their reception, they embarked the next year on a longer tour, including two weeks at Versailles, where the children enchanted Louis XV. In 1764 they arrived in London. Here Mozart wrote his first three symphonies, under the influence of Johann Christian Bach, youngest son of Johann Sebastian, who lived in the city. After their return to Salzburg there followed three trips to Italy between 1769 and 1773. In Rome Mozart heard a performance of Allegris Misere; the score of this work was closely guarded, but Mozart managed to transcribe the music almost perfectly from memory. On Mozarts first visit to Milan, his opera Mitridate, rà © di Ponto was successfully produced, followed on a subsequent visit by Lucia Silla. The latter showed signs of the rich, full orchestration that characterizes his later operas. A trip to Vienna in 1773 failed to produce the court appointment that both Mozart and his father wished for him, but did introduce Mozart to the influence of Haydn, whose Sturm und Drang string quartets (Opus 20) had recently been published. The influence is clear in Mozarts six string quartets, K168-173, and in his Symphony in G minor, K183. Another trip in search of patronage ended less happily. Accompanied by his mother, Mozart left Salzburg in 1777, travelling through Mannheim to Paris. But in July 1778 his mother died. Nor was the trip a professional success: no longer able to pass for a prodigy, Mozarts reception there was muted and hopes of a job came nothing. Back in Salzburg Mozart worked for two years as a church organist for the new archbishop. His employer was less kindly disposed to the Mozart family than his predecessor had been, but the composer nonetheless produced some of his earliest masterpieces. The famous Sinfonia concertante for violin, violo and orchestra was written in 1780, and the following year Mozarts first great stage work, the opera Idomeneo, was produced in Munich, where Mozart also wrote his Serenade for 13 wind instruments, K361. On his return from Munich, however, the hostility brewing between him and the archbishop came to a head, and Mozart resigned. On delivering his resignation he was verbally abused and eventually, physically ejected from the archbishops residence. We will write a custom essay on Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Without patronage, Mozart was forced to confront the perils of a freelance existence. Initially his efforts met with some success. He took up residence in Vienna and in 1782 his opera Die Entfà ¼hrung aus dem Serail (The abdication from the Seraglio) was produced in the city and rapturously received. The same year in Viennas St Stephens Cathedral Mozart married Constanze Weber. Soon afterwards he initiated a series of subscription concerts at which he performed his piano concertos and improvised at the keyboard. Most of Mozarts great piano concertos were written for these concerts, including those in C, K467, A, K488 and C minor, K491. In these concertos Mozart brought to the genre a unity and diversity it had not had before, combining bold symphonic richness with passages of subtle delicacy. In 1758 Mozart dedicated to Haydn the six string quartets that now bear Haydns name. Including in this group are the quartets known as the Hunt, which make use of hunting calls, and the Dissonance, which opens with an eerie succession of dissonant chords. Overwhelmed by their quality, Haydn confessed to Leopold Mozart, Before God and as an honest man I tell you that your son is the greatest composer known to me either in person or by name. The pieces are matched in excellence in Mozarts chamber music output only by his String Quintets, outstanding among which are those in C, K515, G minor, K516 and D, K593. Also in 178 Mozart and Lorenzo da Ponte collaborated on the first of a series of operatic masterpieces. Le nozze di Figaro (The Marriage of Figaro) was begun that year and performed in 1786 to an enthusiastic audience in Vienna and even greater acclaim later in Prague. In 1787 Prague ´s National Theatre saw the premiere of Don Giovanni, a moralizing version of the Don Juan legend in which the licentious nobleman receives his comeuppance and descends into the fiery regions of hell. The third and last da Ponte opera was Cosà ­ fan tutte (Women are all the same), commissioned by Emperor Joseph II and produced at Viennas Burgtheater in 1790. Its cynical treatment of the theme of sexual infidelity may have been responsible for its relative lack of success with the Viennese, who responded with such enthusiasm to the comedy of Figaro. Mozart wrote two more operas: the opera seria La clemenza di Tito (The Mercy of Tito) and Die Zauberflà ¶te (The Magic Flute). The latter was commissioned by actor-manager Emanuel Schikaneder to his own libretto. Its plot, a fairy tale combined with strong Masonic elements (Mozart was a devoted Freemason), is bizarre, but drew from Mozart some of his greatest music. When produced in 1791, two months before Mozarts death, the opera survived an initially cool reception and gradually won audiences over. The year 1788 saw the composition of Mozarts two finest symphonies. Symphony No.40, in the tragic key of G minor, contrasts strikingly with the affirmatory Symphony No.41 Jupiter. Neither helped alleviate his financial plight, however, which after 1789 became critical. An extensive concert tour of Europe failed to earn significant sums. A new emperor came to the Austrian throne but Mozart was unsuccessful in his bid to become Kapellmeister. He was deeply in debt when in July 1791 he received an anonymous commission to write a Requiem. (The author of the commission was in fact Count Franz von Walsegg, who wished to pass off the work as his own.) Mozart did not live to finish the Requiem. He became ill in autumn 1791 and died on December 5; his burial the next day was attended only by a gravedigger. Rumours that Mozart had been poisoned abounded in Vienna after his death, many suggesting that rival composer Antonio Salieri was responsible. Many now believe a heart weakened by bouts of rheumatic fever caused his death. .u81c2c456de56be2461a662dadbd00899 , .u81c2c456de56be2461a662dadbd00899 .postImageUrl , .u81c2c456de56be2461a662dadbd00899 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u81c2c456de56be2461a662dadbd00899 , .u81c2c456de56be2461a662dadbd00899:hover , .u81c2c456de56be2461a662dadbd00899:visited , .u81c2c456de56be2461a662dadbd00899:active { border:0!important; } .u81c2c456de56be2461a662dadbd00899 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u81c2c456de56be2461a662dadbd00899 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u81c2c456de56be2461a662dadbd00899:active , .u81c2c456de56be2461a662dadbd00899:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u81c2c456de56be2461a662dadbd00899 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u81c2c456de56be2461a662dadbd00899 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u81c2c456de56be2461a662dadbd00899 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u81c2c456de56be2461a662dadbd00899 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u81c2c456de56be2461a662dadbd00899:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u81c2c456de56be2461a662dadbd00899 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u81c2c456de56be2461a662dadbd00899 .u81c2c456de56be2461a662dadbd00899-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u81c2c456de56be2461a662dadbd00899:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: No Longer an Indian EssayWolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born in Salzburg, Austria in January of 1756. By the age of four, he had exhibited such extraordinary powers of musical memory and ear-sophistication that his father, Leopold (a highly esteemed violinist and composer in his own right) decided to sign young Wolfgang up for harpsichord lessons. At five, he was composing music; at six, he was a keyboard virtuoso, so much so that Leopold took Wolfgang and his sister Maria Anna on a performance tour of Munich and Vienna. From that time on, young Mozart was constantly performing and writing music. Wherever he appeared, people gaped in awe at his divine gifts. By his early teens, he had mastered the piano,violin and harpsichord, and was writing keyboard pieces, oratorios, symphonies and operas. His first major opera, Mitridate, was performed in Milan in 1770 to such unqualified raves that critics compared him to Handel. At fifteen, Mozart was installed as the concertmaster in the orchestra of the Archbishop of Salzburg. Things did not go very well; Mozart didnt get along with the Archbishop, and relations deteriorated to the point where, in 1781, he quit this lofty position and headed for Vienna quite against his fathers wishes. It has been told that Mozart once said, Since I could not have one sister, I married the other. Whether or not this quote is true, the facts remain the same. Three and a half years after a young musician named Aloysia Weber refused Mozarts marriage proposal, he married her younger sister Constanze, on August 4, 1782. What sort of person was Constanze Weber? Mozart, who nicknamed his bride Stanzerl, described her this way, She is not ugly, but at the same time, far from beautiful. Her entire beauty consists of two little black eyes and a nice figure. She isnt witty, but has enough common sense to make her a good wife and mother . She understands housekeeping and has the kindest heart in the world. I love her and she loves me. . Constanze Mozarts life was far from easy. From June 1783 to July 1791, she bore six children. The Mozarts first child, Raimund Leopold, died at the age of two months of an intestinal cramp while his parents were away on a visit to Salzburg. Their third, Johann Thomas Leopold, lived less than a month, their fourth, Theresia, six months, and their fifth, Anna Maria, only one hour. The Mozarts were left with only two surviving children, whom Wolfgang barely had time to know. When he died, the eldest was seven years old, and the younger only six months. After Mozarts death, Constanze met and evetually married Nikolaus von Nissen, an official in the Danish Embassy, and it was he who raised Mozarts sons. von Nissen died in 1826, and Constanze in 1842. The two boys led fairly uneventful lives. The elder, Karl Thomas (b. 1784), ended up as a minor official on the staff of the viceroy of Naples in Milan. He died in 1858. The younger, Franz Xaver Wolfgang, inherited his fathers musical inclinations, if not all of his talent. He composed and conducted extensively throught Europe, but perhaps the last word on this Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart the Younger was best spoken by George Bernard Shaw in a letter he wrote in 1897. Do you remember the obscurity of Mozarts son? An amiable man, a clever musician, an excellent player, but hopelessly extinguished by his fathers reputation. How could any man do what was expected from Mozarts son? Not Mozart himself even. Wolfgang and his father, Leopold had never regained the closeness they had shared in earlier days, but they reached a peace with each other, and maintained a steady corresponence. Leopold died in Salzburg on May 28, 1787, at the age of 67. Wolfgang had news of his fathers illness in April, at which time Constanze was ailing as well. This turn of events left him greatly depressed, and his own health took a turn for the worse. His music from the preceding decade was only sporadically popular, and he eventually fell back on his teaching jobs and on the charity of friends to make ends meet. In 1788 he stopped performing in public, preferring to compose. .u7b25f59af4030b5e438e083e41beb229 , .u7b25f59af4030b5e438e083e41beb229 .postImageUrl , .u7b25f59af4030b5e438e083e41beb229 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7b25f59af4030b5e438e083e41beb229 , .u7b25f59af4030b5e438e083e41beb229:hover , .u7b25f59af4030b5e438e083e41beb229:visited , .u7b25f59af4030b5e438e083e41beb229:active { border:0!important; } .u7b25f59af4030b5e438e083e41beb229 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7b25f59af4030b5e438e083e41beb229 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7b25f59af4030b5e438e083e41beb229:active , .u7b25f59af4030b5e438e083e41beb229:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7b25f59af4030b5e438e083e41beb229 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7b25f59af4030b5e438e083e41beb229 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7b25f59af4030b5e438e083e41beb229 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7b25f59af4030b5e438e083e41beb229 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7b25f59af4030b5e438e083e41beb229:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7b25f59af4030b5e438e083e41beb229 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7b25f59af4030b5e438e083e41beb229 .u7b25f59af4030b5e438e083e41beb229-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7b25f59af4030b5e438e083e41beb229:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Invisible Man Essay PaperMozart may have died of a number of illnesses. The official diagnosis was miliary fever, but the truth is that the physicians who attended him were never quite sure what Mozart died of. He suffered from rheumatic pain, headaches, toothaches, skin eruptions, and lethargy. A common theory today is that Mozart died of uremia following chronic kidney disease. Another possibility is rheumatic fever. Regardless of the cause, Mozart became bedridden for the last two weeks of his life. He died at shortly after midnight on December 5th, 1791, aged thirty-five years, eleven months, and nine days. Mozarts legacy is incestimalbe. A master of every form in which he worked, he set standards of excellence that have inspired generations of composers. Some of his representative works Symphonies Nos. 25, 29, 38, 39, 40 41 Jupiter Piano Concertos Nos. 19, 20 27 sinfonia concertante for violin and viola String Quartets: the Hunt, the Dissonance String Quintet No.4 in G minor, K516 Le Nozze di Figaro Bibliography: www.ida.his.se/ encarta 98 members.tripod.com/~wamozart/bio.html

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Director John Waters as auteur. John Waters is a true auteur. He uses many of the same themes and images throughout his films. The John Waters' films that I viewed were Hairspray (1988), Cry-Baby (1990), Serial Mom (1994), and Cecil B. Demented (2000). Consistent themes in these films included the use of the same actors, Waters' love for scandal ridden celebrities, all were located in Baltimore, comedic portrayals of sex, outcasts, altercations with the police, and a shot of a mouse, rat or gerbil.Hairspray is the story of Tracy Turnblatt, a chubby hair hopper in 1960s Baltimore. Waters uses many of his stock actors in this movie, drag queen, Divine in the dual role of Tracy's mother and the television station owner that runs The Corny Collins Show, Mink Stole as Tracy's best friend's mother, Alan J. Wendl as Hefty Hideaway shop owner, Mr. Pinky and starring as Tracy Turnblatt, Waters' muse, the incomparable Ricki Lake.Cecil B. DementedWith the exception of Divine who died shortly after this movie was made, all of these actors appear in all four of these films. Tracy longs to be on The Corny Collins Show, Baltimore's poor man's version of American Bandstand. Through luck, fate and pure chutzpah, she makes it onto the show, becomes a council member and even steals the cutest boy on the show away from the most popular girl in all of Baltimore. According to Curry, Hairspray is a "musical comedy film about desegregation in Baltimore during the early 1960's. Waters revives the turbulent times as a backdrop to a television dance show phenomenon. (Curry, 1996)The expected Waters penchant for media celebrities, past and present, pops up here and there in Cry-Baby with cameos by David Nelson, Patty Hearst, who shows up again in Serial Mom and Cecil B. Demented, Joey Heatherton, Troy Donahue, Iggy...

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Patents and Intellectual Property Essay Patents and Intellectual Property Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A patent is a set of rights given exclusively to an individual or firm by an independent nation to the inventor or discoverer for a given duration in exchange for detailed information on the details of the inventions or discovery (Foray 28). Inventions that can be patented are new products, processes of manufacturing, improvements to an existing product or process, new chemical compounds or compositions, or processes relating of an existing manufacturing process (Perelman n.p.). This form of intellectual property encourages the economic and technological development by rewarding intellectual creativity. Patents are a crucial part for advancements in science based professions such as medicine, biotechnology, computers and even drug chemistry. These advancements have born great fruits which have all been aimed at improving the life of mankind. In this paper, the strengths and weaknesses of patent laws and foreign investment, trade, innovation, public health, generic resources and traditional knowledge will be discussed. Patent laws have improved the life of investors greatly, this has led to greater determinations in patenting other products, and in the process, greater, and discoveries that are more useful have been made.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Patents laws are set up to ensure that the owner of intellectual property benefits from his or her invention. The law gives the owner freedom of choice to do what they require with the invention as long as it does not conflict with other existing laws. The inventor can sell the patent at any market price they believe is commensurable, they can license the patent to others for use and in the process collect royalties from the users which increases their financial stability (Gold 135). Patent laws also offers a sense of protection to the inventors for the stipulated time (usually twenty years), and this approach usually is a disadvantage to the competitors in the same line of work. These laws also prohibit dealing with patented goods without permission from the patent holder and this ensures that pirating of patented goods or services is a prosecutable case whereby one can be sentenced to jail or heavily fined (Perelman n.p.).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Strong patent laws are a major attraction to foreign investors who are assured of the protection of their goods or services. They are thus confident about imitations of their product, which has lead to an increased net demand of their products leading to higher marginal profits.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The intellectual laws act as an attraction and assurance to foreign investors as their business is enabled a fair play ground to compete with existing indigenous firms (Smarzynska 41). Strong patent laws also offer a location attraction to foreign investors opting for areas with enhanced patent laws. This has lead to further development and improvement of economies of such areas as compared to areas whose laws are not well established. Stronger intellectual property rights can be a deterrent to new foreign investors since existing firms may have already established large market bases which may not be easy to break through. With this kind of market, monopolistic ventures may mushroom to the disadvantage of consumers since they may overprice their commodities due to lack of competitors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Patent laws create ownership advantages conferring to firms serving the foreign markets (Cooter, Ulen 124). Through the provision of legal redress against any violations, markets are expanded and increase in both multilateral and bilateral trades. Patent laws increase bilateral exchange to foreign markets by reducing the costs associated with preventing loss of knowledge assets. Such costs consist of foregone revenues resulting from reduced bilateral exchange and or expenses incurred to make knowledge assets difficult to imitate especially when the destination country has strong imitative abilities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Strong intellectual property laws can increase market power and even though strong laws enhance ownership advantage, this enhanced ownership can increase or decrease bilateral exchange. The market power concept holds that strong rights reduce bilateral exchange by ensuring a temporary monopoly over the protected knowledge. This market power is attributed to the patent holder, whether domestic or foreign. Firms that secure strong patent protection in foreign markets can exercise their market power by restricting quantity and increasing the unit price of bilateral exchange to that market (Fink and Primo 26).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to Forays (13), strong patent laws provide incentives for people and firms to invest in research. Where there exists strong patent laws, inventors and innovators are energized since any benefits are accrued to them. With weak patent laws a free market economy fails to induce an optimal investment in research, development and innovation, since investors would not be able to recoup the full benefit from their investment. Patent laws also give strong ownership advantages to firms in developed countries, which encourage them to transfer their technology to developing countries through market channels at a cost. Strong patent laws may also be a disadvantage since they may lead to increased market power which results in high cost of technology transfer. In cases where there exist weak patent laws, this provides a loophole for technology transfer in non-market channels which would greatly disadvantage the innovators.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Patents are important to pharmaceutical firms as they help in appropriating the benefits to the innovators. Moreover, products and the development process are protected from imitators in order to avoid replication of same drug. The process of drug development is quite costly averaging at about 1billion US dollars for the actual discovery, development and regulation approval (Shimasaki, 123). However, patenting novel drugs is essential and only beneficial in developed countries where many firms may want to set up drug manufacturing firms. According to Vernon (14), the expensive process of research and development is usually compensated by profits, which arise from patent protection. Patent laws in drug development are quite complicated since while patenting new drug protects the producers from unscrupulous firms may also increase the cost of the drugs thus making them unaffordable to needy people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The process of patenting innovations in public health may be long and tiresome which may discourage innovations. However due to emergence of tropical diseases in the developing world patenting may act as an incentive for continued research in both drug development and innovations of new procedures for their early diagnosis and treatment. All this will lead to improved health care for patients especially in developing countries where cost of drugs is beyond the reach of the majority who are struggling. Patent laws encourage the development of medicinal compounds or products. These conditions being rare are not economically viable for the pharmaceutical firms since the profits margins are so minimal thus little research is channeled towards them. However, through patenting, firms that delve into this kind of research because they are protected exclusively thus giving them the sole ownership rights to manufacture and distribute them at a give n cost (Gold 131-132). This enables them to make profits.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Weak patent laws in the health sector have been associated by rise of firms, which exploit the whole process of drug development. Drug imitators can benefit from innovators’ free approval and produce duplicate drugs at a much lower cost relative to the real cost of discovering and developing the new product. Patenting the genetic resources and traditional knowledge ensures that people who participated in the development of the new information are acknowledged for the work they have done. To scholars being acknowledged builds confidence in them and is a motivator for them to work even harder. By them being acknowledged, it shows that they become authorities in their specific fields, which further leads to production of more accurate and high quality new knowledge. Patent laws regarding information are in conflict with human rights since patent information should be made public for the benefit of all. It is not easy to relate patent l aws and human rights since it exist in different perspectives on the same depending on the contributors (Gold 186). As such, information should be easily accessible at minimal cost affordable to all.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In production of pharmaceuticals, patents laws restricted patent term to 20 years, this was disadvantageous to people who developed drugs for infrequent illness because sales of the drugs could not give adequate returns within the period. It was until 1984 that the congress amended the drug act by coming up with orphan drugs act that extended the period of patents to 25 years in order to allow developers to pay-back the cost of development and get profits (Gold 132). In addition, patent restricted use of available drugs for research of new drugs development. This presented a challenge to development of new and generic drugs until when the congress amended the patent laws to allow use of drugs for research purposes. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Patent laws have more strength compared to weaknesses but it depends on the patent issue. Through patenting, the innovators and inventors are not only recognized as the owner of the emerging products but they also have various benefits such as financial gains to payback on the capital invested. The patent are only limited to 20 years, which in some cases is disadvantageous to products with weak marketing such as orphan drugs. The government intervention has resulted in developers reaping high profits for their ideas, and products over a given period. The weakness of patent is limitation on research where they restrict third party from using the original product or idea to develop new product thus slowing research and improvements of the existing ones. Hence, caution is necessary to ensure that patenting does not give rise to monopolies, which would discourage competition at the expense of the consumers. References Cooter, Robert and Ulen, Thomas. Intellectual Property in Law and Economics 5th ed. Toronto: Pearson, 2008. Fink, Carsten. and C.A. Primo Braga. ‘How Stronger Protection of Intellectual Property Rights Affects International Trade Flows’. In C. Fink and E. Mansfield (eds) Intellectual Property and Development: Lessons from Recent Economic Research. New York: World Bank/Oxford University Press. (2004). Print. Foray, Dominique. Technology Transfer in the TRIPS Age: The Need for New Types of Partnerships between the Least Developed and Most Advanced Economies. Geneva international Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (2009). Gold, Richard E. Patents and Human Rights: A Heterodox Analysis. Journal of Law,Medicines and Ethics, 41(1) (2013):185-198. Perelman, Michael. â€Å"In Patents We Trust: How the U.S. Government Learned to Stop Worrying about Monopoly and Love Intellectual Property.† MR Zine (2005). Shimasaki, Craig D. The Business of Bioscience: What Goes into Making a Biotechnology Product. Dordrecht: Springer, 2009. Print. Smarzynska Javorcik, B. ‘The Composition of Foreign Direct Investment and Protection of Intellectual Property Rights: Evidence from Transition Economies’. Journal of European Economic Review 48(1) (2004): 39–62. Vernon, J.A. ‘Examining the Link between Price Regulation and PharmaceuticalResearch and Development Investment’. Journal of Health Economics 14(1) (2005): 1–16. 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